to peace support operations. This differs from the U.N., which typically is willing to intervene only to enforce a cease-fire or signed peace agreement African institutions also have shown a willingness to launch operations to restore constitutional order such as the 2017 ECOWAS mission to The Gambia. Missions also have been launched to ensure free

Observers say a move toward more local control of missions is a good thing. They say that regional bodies and neighboring countries have a greater stake in the outcomes than do peacekeepers from far away “When it comes to peace enforcement, the motivation of troop-contributing countries is key,” Maj. Gen. Richard Addo Gyane, commandant of the K

Further, in 2017, ISRO launched the South Asia Satellite (SAS), also known as GSAT-9—a “geostationary communication satellite to provide various communication applications in Ku-band with coverage over South Asian countries.” Some of the key features of GSAT-9 include enhancing telecommunication linkages for improved banking systems and educa

have gained international attention. Also, India has the largest constellation of active remote sensing satellites that prioritise Earth observation, like EOS-06 (2022) and EOS-07 (2023). The data from these satellites can be used in various sectors such as agriculture, water resources, and urban planning. As part of its diplomacy initiatives in ou

The European Union (EU) Space Programme’s ongoing initiative, called the ‘Copernicus’ programme, has security and surveillance implications, allowing EU border surveillance to track illegal immigration and monitor critical infrastructure. While not explicitly mentioned in its manifesto, Copernicus may be used for military surveillance during